Addiction & Mental Health
Co-occurring is also called comorbidity or dual diagnosis—when two disorders or illnesses occur in the same person, simultaneously or one after another. Comorbidity also implies that the illnesses interact, affecting the course and prognosis of both. 1
Co-occurring conditions that involve addiction and mental health are common because similar areas of the brain are involved with both. About 50% of people with a mental health issue will also experience a substance use disorder and vice versa. 2
What causes co-occuring disorders?
Research has shown that mental illness and drug use involve similar areas of the brain. The areas of the brain that process “reward” feelings and that respond to stress are both affected by mental health disorders and by using drugs.
Drug use affects the brain and can aggravate the symptoms of existing mental health conditions. Often, someone with a mental health condition may try to self-medicate by treating symptoms of anxiety or depression by using alcohol or drugs. While the substances may give temporary relief, when they wear off, their symptoms are often much worse.
What do addiction and mental health disorders have in common?
Genetics
Development
Exposure
People who struggle with PTSD are up to four times as likely to battle addiction.
Emotional signs of stress can include:
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Mood Swings
- Compulsive behavior
- Memory & concentration problems
How are co-occuring disorders treated?
The best treatment for co-occurring disorders is to take an integrated approach that addresses both the person’s diagnosed mental health condition and addiction. Successful treatments include behavioral therapies and medications, used together as part of a personalized plan.
1 NIDA https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/common-comorbidities-substance-use-disorders/introduction
2 SAMHSA https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/treatment/common-comorbidities
3 NIDA https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/comorbidity-addiction-other-mental-disorders